Speed limits
Verified with the authority
| Country | Car + caravan | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Sweden | 80 km/h braked. Unbraked: 80 if the gross weight does not exceed half the car's kerb weight, otherwise 40. | Transportstyrelsen |
| Norway | 80 km/h on stretches where the limit is otherwise higher. Tempo 100 can give 100 for an approved outfit. | Lovdata, trafikkregler · Statens vegvesen, Tempo 100 |
| Denmark | 80 km/h uanset vejtype — the færdselslov gives the outfit a single figure, motorway and ordinary road alike. A Tempo 100-approved outfit: 100, but only on the motorway. The plate sits on the caravan; the car carries no plate but must meet the requirements. The 70 that often turns up in Danish contexts applies to a motorhome over 3.5 tonnes with a trailer, not to a car-and-caravan outfit. | LBK nr 118 af 12/01/2026 § 43 stk. 3–4 · Færdselsstyrelsen, Tempo-100, both retrieved 2026-08-11 |
| Finland | 80 km/h. A light trailer in class O1 with a maximum mass of 750 kg: 100 km/h, unladen as well. | Traficom |
| Germany | 80 km/h outside built-up areas and on the Autobahn. A Tempo-100 plate gives 100 on the Autobahn. § 3 does not apply to the Autobahn — that figure comes from § 18 Abs. 5, which must be cited separately. | StVO § 3 · StVO § 18 |
| Netherlands | 80 km/h on ordinary roads outside built-up areas. 90 applies only to autosnelweg and autoweg, and only when the trailer's maximum mass is at most 3,500 kg. Article 22 yields to every lower figure in the besluit, and article 21 a is lower. The 90 you often meet comes from pages about the snelweg and does not apply outside it. | RVV 1990 art. 21 a and 22 e · Rijksoverheid on the snelweg, both retrieved 2026-08-11 |
| Spain | 90 km/h on autopista and autovía, 80 km/h on carretera convencional. A motorhome without a trailer follows the car limits. | DGT |
| Andorra | 90 km/h on carreteres generals, 60 km/h on carreteres secundàries, 50 km/h in built-up areas. The country sets no limit of its own for vehicle combinations — an outfit follows the figure for the road. | Llei 12/2021, Codi de la circulació, art. 8.1 a) and b) and art. 8.2 |
| Austria | 80 km/h on Autobahn and Schnellstraße with a heavy trailer (BE). With a light trailer, 100 km/h. A caravan over 750 kg is a heavy trailer. | oesterreich.gv.at |
| United Kingdom | 60 mph (96 km/h) on dual carriageway and motorway, 50 mph (80 km/h) on single carriageway. A motorhome over 3.05 t unladen: 70 mph on the motorway. | GOV.UK |
| Portugal | 100 km/h on autoestrada, 80 on via reservada, 70 on restantes vias públicas, 50 within built-up areas, 20 in a zona de coexistência. The row applies to automóveis ligeiros de passageiros e mistos — com reboque. | Código da Estrada article 27 n.º 1, in the version given by Lei 72/2013, Diário da República 2013-09-03, p. 5463 (the original publication; the consolidated text says "ver documento original" instead of the table). Re-read 2026-08-07 |
| Italy | 80 km/h on the autostrada, 70 fuori dei centri abitati. Applies to treni costituiti da un autoveicolo e da un rimorchio by the cross-reference to art. 54 comma 1 h). | Codice della Strada article 142 comma 3 e) |
| Hungary | 80 km/h on the autópálya, 70 outside built-up areas on other roads, 50 within built-up areas, for a gépjárműből és pótkocsiból álló járműszerelvény. | KRESZ (1/1975. KPM–BM) 26. § (1) b) |
| Bulgaria | 100 km/h on автомагистрала and скоростен път, 80 извън населено място, 50 within built-up areas, for category ВЕ. | ЗДвП чл. 21 ал. 1, in the version given by ДВ бр. 64 от 5.08.2025, in force 7.09.2025 |
| Switzerland | 80 km/h outside built-up areas for Anhängerzüge. On motorway and expressway 100 km/h if the trailer's gross weight does not exceed 3.5 t. Both caps apply even where the sign shows more (Abs. 3). | Fedlex, VRV SR 741.11, art. 5 Abs. 1 Bst. a Ziff. 2 and Abs. 2 Bst. c, Stand 1.7.2026 |
| Liechtenstein | 80 km/h for Anhängerzüge. The cap applies even where a higher limit is signposted (Abs. 2). | Lilex, VRV LR 741.11, art. 7 Abs. 1 Bst. a Ziff. 2 and Abs. 2, Fassung 01.09.2025 |
| Czechia | 90 km/h outside built-up areas, 110 on the expressway, 130 on the motorway. The limit hangs on the towing vehicle's weight, not the outfit's, and the law has no reduction at all for a trailer. | e-Sbírka, zákon 361/2000 Sb. § 18 odst. 3, current version from 2026-01-01 |
| Slovakia | 90 km/h for a car under 3,500 kg with a trailer over 750 kg. The cap may not be exceeded even where the sign allows more: the exception in § 16 ods. 6 expressly applies only to vehicles without a trailer. | Slov-lex, zákon 8/2009 Z. z. § 16 (PDF, version 2026-01-01) |
| Slovenia | 90 km/h on other roads outside built-up areas, 100 on the motorway. 47. člen lowers to 80 only for vehicles over 3.5 t towing a caravan; for a car under 3.5 t there is no reduction. | PISRS, ZPrCP, 46. člen (3) 3. and 48. člen (1) 3., unofficial consolidation up to Uradni list RS 14/26 of 2026-02-24 |
| Croatia | 90 km/h on other roads outside built-up areas, 130 on the motorway. The reduction to 80 in čl. 55 applies only to trailers without brakes — a braked caravan is not caught. | Narodne novine 67/2008, ZSPC, čl. 54 st. 1 t. 3 and čl. 55 st. 1 t. 1 |
| Latvia | 90 km/h outside built-up areas. The list of exceptions in point 103 has no entry for trailers. A gravel or macadam road gives 80 (point 103.5), but that is a surface condition, not a trailer rule. | likumi.lv, MK noteikumi Nr. 279, point 101 in the version given by MK 2024-01-16 Nr. 56 |
| Lithuania | 90 km/h on roads with an asphalt or concrete surface, 70 on other roads. The 70 is a surface condition: exactly the same 70 applies to a car on its own under point 131.1. | e-seimas, Kelių eismo taisyklės, point 131.4 |
| Ireland | 80 km/h on all public roads, motorway included, for a car drawing another vehicle. | S.I. 546/2008 Reg. 4, in the version given by S.I. 255/2022 |
| Romania | 80 km/h outside built-up areas: the car's 90 minus the 10 km/h that art. 50 (2) deducts for an outfit. On the motorway 120, on an E road 90. | OUG 195/2002 republicată, art. 50 (1) a) and (2), consolidation 2025-12-27, Portalul Legislativ id 250730 read via Wayback 2026-02-19 |
| Greece | 90 km/h on the motorway, 80 outside built-up areas on other roads, for an επιβατηγό με ρυμουλκούμενο. | Ν. 5209/2025 άρθρο 24 παρ. 2, ΦΕΚ Α΄ 100 of 2025-06-13 |
| France | An outfit over 3.5 tonnes: 90 km/h on the motorway, 80 on a road with a central reservation (90 if at most 12 t), 80 on other roads. Under 3.5 tonnes R413-8 does not apply — then it is the car limits. | Légifrance, R413-8 and R413-9 |
| Poland | 80 km/h on the autostrada, droga ekspresowa and a dual road with at least two lanes per direction. 70 km/h on other roads. Applies to a zespół pojazdów, that is, a car plus trailer. | Policja, "Jazda z przyczepą" |
| Luxembourg | 75 km/h outside built-up areas, 90 on the motorway, 50 within built-up areas, for an ensemble de véhicules couplés. A car with a caravan is one: a caravane is a remorque (2.27), and a car plus remorque is a train routier (2.13). | Arrêté grand-ducal modifié du 23 novembre 1955, art. 139 §2 c) and d), consolidated version in force 2026-06-12 |
| Belgium | 70 km/h outside built-up areas in Flanders since 2017-01-01, 90 in Wallonia, 70 in Brussels. Motorway 120, but 90 for outfits over 3.5 tonnes. There is no trailer-specific rule in art. 11. | AR 1er décembre 1975, art. 11 in the regional versions, Justel consolidation read 2026-08-07 |
| Estonia | 90 km/h outside built-up areas, 50 within. § 15 has entries for towing (50) and for transporting towed equipment (25) but no entry for a trailer. | Liiklusseadus § 15, redaction 111072026044, in force 2026-08-01 |
| Serbia | 80 km/h everywhere outside built-up areas, motorway included, for моторна возила која вуку прикључно возило за становање (караван). The point names the caravan with that word and lacks the motorway exception the neighbouring points have. A motorhome is category M and is not caught by the list at all: 130/100/80. | Закон о безбедности саобраћаја на путевима чл. 45 ст. 1 т. 2), consolidation up to and including Сл. гласник РС бр. 19 of 2025-03-06 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 80 km/h everywhere, motorway included, for motorna vozila koja vuku prikolicu za stanovanje (karavan) ili laku prikolicu. The point names the caravan with that word, lacks a motorway exception and requires no rear speed plate — the plate duty lists only points 1), 3) and 4). Without a trailer, чл. 44 applies: 130 motorway, 100 expressway and fast road, 80 other roads, 50 within built-up areas. | Zakon o osnovama sigurnosti saobraćaja na putevima u BiH, "Službeni glasnik BiH" 6/06, чл. 46 ст. (1) т. 2). No consolidated version exists; the entire chain of amendments up to and including 35/26 of 2026-05-19 has been read act by act on sluzbenilist.ba. The built-up-area figure of 50 comes from 48/10 чл. 14 and is the only amendment that has touched чл. 44 or 46 |
| Montenegro | 80 km/h everywhere, motorway included, for motorna vozila koja vuku prikolicu za stanovanje. Čl. 38 st. 2 expressly says that the vehicle limit applies even on a road where the law or the sign allows more. Without a trailer, čl. 36 and 37 apply: 50 within built-up areas (up to 80 if the sign says so), 130 motorway, 100 expressway, 80 other roads. Since 2026-08-07 the speed rules under the new čl. 38a apply to average speed as well, not only to an instantaneous measurement. | Zakon o bezbjednosti saobraćaja na putevima, "Službeni list CG" 33/12, čl. 38 st. 1 t. 1. The whole chain of amendments 58/14, 14/17 (odluka US), 66/19 and 111/26 of 2026-07-30, in force 2026-08-07 has been read act by act; none of them touches čl. 38 |
| North Macedonia | 80 km/h everywhere, motorway included, for моторни возила кои влечат камп-приколка. The point names the caravan with that word. The motorway exception in чл. 38 ст. 2 lists buses and goods vehicles but not the caravan, and ст. 3 requires the driver to keep to the vehicle limit even on a road where the law or the sign allows more. The rear speed plate in ст. 4 is required only of vehicles што се регистрираат во Република Северна Македонија — a foreign-registered outfit is exempt. Without a trailer, чл. 35 and 36 apply: 50 within built-up areas (up to 70 where the sign says so), 130 motorway, 110 expressway, 90 other roads. | Закон за безбедност на сообраќајот на патиштата, "Сл. весник на РМ" 169/15, чл. 38 ст. 1 ал. 1 — the gazette's own редакциски пречистен текст up to and including "Сл. весник на РСМ" 79/26, the chain of amendments written out in the act's footnote 1 |
| Belarus | 70 km/h outside built-up areas, 100 km/h on the motorway and on a road signposted Дорога для автомобилей. Point 89.3 lists "автобусам, легковым и грузовым автомобилям при их движении с прицепом" in one and the same row — the car with a trailer gets the same figure as the bus. Within built-up areas 60, in residential and pedestrian zones 20. Without a trailer the car gets 90 and 120 respectively. Two traps: drivers with under two years' experience are taken by point 89.4 to 70 everywhere, and point 90 second paragraph does not protect point 89.3 — a sign showing a higher figure actually raises the outfit's limit, which the protection expressly prevents for points 89.4–89.7. | Правила дорожного движения, approved by Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 28.11.2005 № 551, п. 89.3, consolidated version with amendments up to and including Указ № 295 of 2025-08-04. The built-up-area figure from п. 88 |
| Türkiye | 80 km/h on a two-lane rural road outside built-up areas, 100 on a divided road (bölünmüş yol), 110 on the motorway, 40 within built-up areas. The figures appear nowhere in plain text: the table in madde 100 expressly applies to römorksuz — without a trailer — and gives a car (M1) 50 / 90 / 110 / 120. The fifth paragraph then deducts ten: "Römorklu veya yarı römorklu araçlarda … en çok hız sınırı aynı cins römorksuz araçlara ait en çok hız sınırından saatte 10 km daha düşüktür". The deduction applies to every column, so to the built-up-area figure too. The exceptions in the parenthesis are tractors with trailers, dangerous goods and special transport — not cars. | Karayolları Trafik Yönetmeliği (RG 1997-07-18 no. 23053), madde 100, the table in the version RG 2010-09-01 no. 27689 and the fifth paragraph in the version RG 2014-02-19 no. 28918. Consolidated text current up to and including RG 2026-07-03 no. 33299 |
| Moldova | 70 km/h outside built-up areas, 90 km/h on a road signposted with indicator 5.4 (drum pentru automobile). The point does not say "caravan" but autoturisme … care tractează o remorcă — every car under 3,500 kg with a trailer, whatever the trailer is. Within built-up areas 50, with 30 at schools, hospitals, parks and historic town centres, 20 in residential zones and 5 in pedestrian zones. Without a trailer, 110 and 90 apply. Pct. 47 sets no separate figure for autostradă: the whole speed enumeration distinguishes only between a road signposted 5.4 and celelalte drumuri. | Regulamentul circulaţiei rutiere, approved by HG nr. 357 din 13.05.2009, MO nr. 92-93 (3425-3426) of 2009-05-15, art. 409, pct. 47 sp. 2) lit. c). The built-up-area limits from sp. 1) lit. a) in the version given by HG nr. 642 din 14.09.2022 pkt 15 (MO nr. 291-296 (8335-8340) of 2022-09-23, art. 735) |
| Ukraine | 80 km/h everywhere outside built-up areas, motorway included, for легковим автомобілям з причепом. The caravan has no word of its own in the ПДР: п. 1.10 makes every vehicle built to travel only in connection with another a причіп, with no requirement of goods or weight. 50 within built-up areas (п. 12.4), 20 in residential and pedestrian zones (п. 12.5). Without a trailer, п. 12.6 ґ) applies: 130 on a road signposted 5.1, 110 on a road with separated carriageways, 90 on other roads. The trap is п. 12.7 with its 50 — that concerns буксирування, the towing of another vehicle, not a coupled trailer. The road authority may raise the limit by sign (п. 12.8), but п. 12.9 б) forbids exceeding the vehicle limit. | Правила дорожнього руху, постанова КМУ № 1306 від 10.10.2001, п. 12.6 а) in the version given by постанова КМ № 876 від 01.10.2008; read in the redaction of 2026-04-09, підстава 427-2026-п |
| Kosovo | 80 km/h outside built-up areas, motorway included, 50 within built-up areas (neni 52.1). Neni 54.1.1 gives 80 on every road except the autostradë and motoudhë to automjete të cilat tërheqin rimorkio për kampim — the caravan is named with a word of its own, and neni 1.44 defines mjet për kampim as a vehicle with fixed camping fittings. On the autostradë and motoudhë, neni 54.2 lists three categories, and the only one that can catch an outfit is 54.2.3, mjetet e transportit me mjete të bashkëngjitura, also 80. Read that point narrowly as goods vehicles instead and the outfit stands without a category limit on the motorway and falls under neni 53.1. Both readings give 80 outside built-up areas, which is the figure the cap uses. Neni 54.3 binds the category limit even where the law or a sign allows more. | Ligji Nr. 08/L-186 për rregullat e trafikut rrugor, Gazeta Zyrtare 6/2024 of 2024-03-18, nenet 52–54. The law repeals 05/L-088 and 06/L-069 |
| Albania | 70 km/h outside built-up areas, 35 km/h within built-up areas, 80 km/h on the autostradë, for autotrena të përbërë nga një automjet dhe nga një rimorkio. Neni 140.3 e) refers to neni 54, pika 1, shkronjat h), i) and l), and h) defines autotrenat as komplekse mjetesh të përbëra nga dy njësi të veçanta të lidhura bashkë, nga të cilat njëra është udhëzuese — two coupled units of which one does the pulling. No goods clause, no weight limit: a car with a caravan is an autotren. Without a trailer, neni 140.1 applies: 130 autostradë, 90 main road between towns, 80 secondary and local road between towns, 40 within built-up areas. Note neni 140.4: vehicles in pika 3 must carry a speed plate at the rear, and for an outfit the plate sits on the caravan. The paragraph excepts only shkronjat a) and h), not e), and makes no distinction by country of registration. | Ligj nr. 8378, datë 22.7.1998, Kodi Rrugor, neni 140 pika 3 e), in QBZ's consolidated version as of 2026-07-24 — the first after ligj nr. 58/2026. Neni 140 carries no amendment mark from 58/2026; the latest amendment is ligj nr. 21/2023 |
| Gibraltar | **35 km/h for motor vehicles drawing trailers, on every road in Gibraltar.** Schedule 3 has two rows and no road classes: a car on its own, not being an omnibus, steam-driven or a goods vehicle, gets 50. A motorhome without a trailer therefore sits in the upper row. The figure is the lowest outfit figure in the whole set by a wide margin and looks like a typing error until you see that the schedule is built around steam wagons. Reg. 44 lets a sign lower but not raise. | Control of Traffic Regulations.pdf), reg. 43 and Schedule 3, version Last Update 02 Jul 2026 |
| Monaco | 50 km/h everywhere, and 70 km/h only where the sign says so. Article 11 sets 50 as the general rule for every driver and lets signage lower it to 30 or raise it to 70 on designated roads and places. Nowhere in the code is there a figure of its own for a trailer, an outfit or a motorhome, and the word caravane does not appear in it once — the caravan meets instead a flat driving ban in the municipal regulation. The cap is therefore the law's highest figure, 70, and in practice slows nothing on two square kilometres of city street. | Code de la route, art. 11 (ordonnance n° 9.615 du 30 octobre 1989, replaced by ordonnance n° 1.334 du 8 octobre 2007), consolidated version in force 2026-07-04 |
| San Marino | 70 km/h on the entire road network, and a sign can only lower it. Article 37 sets seventy kilometres an hour su tutta la rete stradale del territorio della Repubblica — a single figure for the whole country, without road classes and without vehicle categories. Signage marks the stretches where a lower figure applies, and the cap may be raised only by a special decree for newly built roads whose construction permits it. No such decree exists in the statute archive: the two speed decrees that can be found, 33/1970 for the superstrada Borgo Maggiore–Dogana and 47/1976 for the whole network, both set the same seventy. There is no limit of its own for a trailer, an outfit or a motorhome. | Codice della strada, Decreto Delegato 26 maggio 2008 n.81, art. 37, testo coordinato aggiornato al 19 gennaio 2024 |
| Vatican City | 70 km/h, Italian figures — but received into Vatican law, not borrowed from the neighbour. The state has no traffic law of its own. Legge N. LXXI del 1 ottobre 2008 sulle fonti del diritto art. 12 § 1 a) 8 lets Italian law on gli automobili e la loro circolazione apply in the state, in the version in force when the law entered into force on 1 January 2009. Codice della strada art. 142 comma 3 e) in that version is word for word today's: 70 km/h fuori dei centri abitati, 80 on the autostrada. The state is 0.44 km² within walls and has neither an autostrada nor a strada extraurbana; comma 1 gives 50 in built-up areas and lets the sign raise it to 70. Seventy is therefore the cap whichever of the two rows you read. | Legge N. LXXI, art. 12 · Codice della strada art. 142 in the version in force 2007-10-04–2009-01-13 |
Driving licences, Sweden
| Entitlement | Limit |
|---|---|
| B, option 1 | Trailer gross weight at most 750 kg |
| B, option 2 | Car + trailer together at most 3,500 kg |
| Extended B | Car + trailer together at most 4,250 kg |
| BE | Trailer gross weight at most 3,500 kg |
Source: Transportstyrelsen, retrieved 2026-08-06.
On the apparent French contradiction. Légifrance and Sécurité Routière at first looked as though they contradicted one another — 90 against 110/100/80. They are about different things: R413-8 sets the speed for an outfit, while Sécurité Routière's text concerns which speed plates heavy vehicles must carry on the rear window. No contradiction.
The principle: the cap is the rural limit, never the motorway limit
Settled 2026-08-06. The cap is a single figure per country and therefore cannot express that the limit differs between motorway and ordinary road. Set to the motorway figure it sits above the law on every ordinary road in the country. It must therefore be set to the rural limit. Motorway legs are then calculated somewhat pessimistically, which is the right direction to be wrong in.
Five countries were corrected under the principle:
| Country | Before | After | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | 80 | 70 | borger.dk: 70 on roads other than the motorway — ~~the evidence did not hold, see below~~ |
| Poland | 80 | 70 | Policja / Prawo o ruchu drogowym: 70 on other roads |
| Austria | 80 | 70 | oesterreich.gv.at: heavy trailer, class BE, Außerorts 70 |
| United Kingdom | 96 | 80 | GOV.UK: 50 mph on single carriageway |
| France | 90 | 80 | R413-8: 80 on roads other than the motorway |
Second round:
| Country | Before | After | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 90 | 70 | Departement MOW, Vlaanderen: the general limit outside built-up areas lowered from 90 to 70 on 1 January 2017. The motorway kept 120. |
Belgium is a special case worth remembering: the rules are regionalised. Flanders has 70 outside built-up areas, Wallonia still has 90. The cap is one figure per country and must therefore take the lowest, that is, 70.
Two countries were checked and stood unchanged at the time. Both have since been corrected — the reading was too quick at exactly that step.
Netherlands, 90 → 80. The claim was that Rijksoverheid gives 90 both on the snelweg and outside built-up areas. It does not: the page is expressly about the snelweg, as its own address says. Corrected 2026-08-11.
Luxembourg, 90 → 75. The general limit outside built-up areas is 90, but a trailer-specific lower limit existed — precisely the one the row here said would lower the figure if it were found. It was found in the sixth round.
Austria and the United Kingdom were found by rereading sources already retrieved. Both figures stood in tables I had quoted on an entirely different question — the error was that I had read the motorway row and not the row below.
Position as of 2026-08-14
The page above was written on 2026-08-06 and the early rounds stand as they stood then, with the corrections written in where they belong. The work has since continued country by country, and the ledger is kept where the cap figures actually live: each figure carries its article, its source and its date noted right beside it. That order was chosen so that the figure and its evidence cannot drift apart.
Five claims in the early rounds have been superseded:
| Claim then | Since |
|---|---|
| Denmark 70 | 80. The færdselslov gives the same figure uanset vejtype |
| Netherlands 90, "stands unchanged" | 80. 90 was the motorway figure, not the rural one |
| Italy 80, "cannot be evidenced" | 70. An outfit is an autotreno in article 142 |
| Portugal 80, "the strongest open suspicion" | 70. The suspicion was confirmed |
| "Not gone through at all: Czechia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Slovenia, Hungary, Latvia, Ireland, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece" | All ten have been gone through. Czechia, Slovakia and Latvia were raised from 80 to 90, Switzerland and Croatia were confirmed from the statute, and Ireland, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece were evidenced at 80 |
Four figures were settled when two tracks met
Two reviews read statute in parallel without knowing of one another, one on 7–9 August and the other on 11–12. They met on 2026-08-14 and contradicted each other on four figures. This is how they were settled:
| Country | Outcome | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Denmark | 70 → 80 | The evidence for 70 was a borger.dk page about fines and penalty points that contains not a single speed for a caravan. § 43 stk. 3 gives 80 uanset vejtype |
| Netherlands | 90 → 80 | The principle above settled it: 90 is the motorway figure |
| Slovenia | 80 → 90 | 80 expressly stood "out of caution and not because the law says so". ZPrCP art. 46 (3) 3. gives 90 outside built-up areas. Evidence beats caution |
| Hungary | 80 → 70 | The same thing in the other direction: 80 was expressly unevidenced, KRESZ 26. § (1) b) gives 70 outside built-up areas |
Five figures that one review corrected — Czechia 90, Slovakia 90, Italy 70, Portugal 70 and Latvia 90 — already stood the same way in the other's table. Two readings of the same law, made separately, landing on the same figure is the only cross-validation this material is ever going to get.